Dsg d  n q @  Arialdo z dYPF0 {\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}{\f2\fnil\fcharset0 Times New Roman;}}{\pard\ql \x\f2\fs72\b LED Lamp} }d)`T{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\qr \x\fs20\b Project Activities\par \qr \x\fs16\cf14 Copyright \'a9 2004 New Wave Concepts Limited\par \qr \x\fs16\cf14 } }8@ @D?"@&y SdmПH C{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\qj \x\fs28\b Why LEDs?\par \qj \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 Our lamp circuit makes use of white LEDs (see Info! panel) in\x\fs20 stead of traditional torch bulbs. Here's why:\par \ql \x\fs12 \par {\pntext\pard\f 1.\tab}{{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pndec\pnstart1\pnf0\pnhang\pnindent360{\pntxta{.}}}\ql \x\fs20 They use far less power than normal bulbs.\par {\pntext\pard\f 2.\tab}\ql \x\fs20 They produce little or no heat when running.\par {\pntext\pard\f 3.\tab}\ql \x\fs20 They are extremely tough and can survive harsh conditions.\par }\qj \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 A basic LED lamp circuit is shown below. It consists of a set\x\fs20 of five LEDs controlled by a switch.} }d`TQ0p{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}{\f2\fnil\fcharset0 Times New Roman;}}{\pard\qc \x\f2\fs96\b 1} } `T @@ @@ `TP'`5 @@P'`5 @@P'`5d)@{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\qr \x\fs20\b Page 1 of 6\x\fs20 \x\fs20\cf13 < Back\x\fs20\cf13\v \x\fs20 \x\fs20\uldb Next >\x\fs20\v #(2)} } @NextdP2d{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\qr \x\fs20\i Description:} }dN2p{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs20 This worksheet gives you guidance on using PCB Wizard to build an LED lamp unit which can be used as a light source in lighting projects. You will need to know how to place components and tracks and add copper labels to copy the ideas in this worksheet.\par \qj \x\fs12 \par \qj \x\fs20 If you are reading this worksheet from within PCB Wizard, you can click on the various Style buttons in the left-hand toolbar to see the \x\fs20\b Artwork\x\fs20 or \x\fs20\b Real World\x\fs20 views of these circuits.\par \qj \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 This worksheet assumes a basic working knowledge of PCB Wizard. Those new to the software should refer to the User Guide (press \x\fs20\b F1\x\fs20 now if in PCB Wizard) and \x\fs20\uldb Tutorials\x\fs20\v #(1)\x\fs20 for assistance.} } @HelpTopic("20")dP2_{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\qr \x\fs20\i Author:} }dPm`{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\qr \x\fs20\i Project:} }d N2u{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs20 A.J.Booker (www.ajbooker.co.uk)} }d Nm{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\qj \x\fs20\b LED Lamp Unit} }d m@  {\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\qj \x\fs28\b Simple PCB\par \qj \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 A basic PCB layout for the lamp circuit is shown below. This \x\fs20 PCB is a simple design intended to connect the LEDs to the po\x\fs20 wer as easily as possible. Terminal blocks are used so the ba\x\fs20 ttery (a standard 9V type) and switch wires can be easily cha\x\fs20 nged.} }d `TQ) {\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}{\f2\fnil\fcharset0 Times New Roman;}}{\pard\qc \x\f2\fs96\b 2} } `T @@ @@(`8 ; TB!!@ p 0{0 M M(8X R100 p(#(###@(#)HGH ( D p(#t#nU(#(#([@ TB!!@ pH?t;?CH?H?)XUH ( D p(#t#nU(#(#)H ( D p(#t#nU(#(#)hDH ( D p(#t#nU(#(#)xRȘH ( D p(#t#nU(#(#d(~B~^ b ` @~` @ pd(~"C^ b ` C` @ pd(u^ b ` u` @ pd($u~  $ u @ pd(~"$~   $   @ pf(@ P d  ')  {\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}}{\pard\qc \x\fs20 Switch\par \qc \x\fs20 contacts} }dV0pm {\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}}{\pard\qc \x\fs20 Battery\par \qc \x\fs20 contacts} } ,) (@v x TB!!@ p 0 0 M M(g v x TB!!@ p 0 0 M M(X) @ R100 p(#(#(#t(#)qt X D p   1 1)(t X D p   1 1)hXt X D p   1 1)nȬt X  D p   1 1) H(t X  D p   1 1d!E  {\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\qj \x\fs20\b It uses:\par \qj \x\fs16 \par {\pntext\pard\f l\tab}{{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnhang\pnindent360{\pntxtb{l}}}\qj \x\fs20 2 x 2 pin 5mm terminal block\par \qj \x\fs28 \par {\pntext\pard\f l\tab}\qj \x\fs20 1 x 100 ohm resistor\par \qj \x\fs28 \par {\pntext\pard\f l\tab}\qj \x\fs20 5 x White LEDs\par \qj \x\fs20 }} }f" p/9g" 4Ez"`$:100  l9 l9"x+qxqȷ 6 1 1 1"Hxqȷ 6 1 1 1"x Rxqȷ 6 1 1 1"|Hxqȷ 6 1 1 1"x3xqȷ 6 1 1 1"@ ,0*`'#*`'0*D'*D0*D"b&' '`'f"""/&B_ '/'/@_"z""N"$B@N@@N $  $""$B@  $ $@@""//$B@/@@/ $"""$B@ @@  $""//"$// $z""N""NN   """   "" //"// "" ""   "d`5pK{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs20 LEDs only need a small current to light (typically 20mA each). This \x\fs20\i current limiting resistor\x\fs20 makes sure the LEDs don't become overpowered.} } W&0Y" /b= `=/`=/ g""((+" /$"$  $/ $"(6(+" /"$"$/ $  $"((+""$B@  $ @@""(6( "(( "/"  / "/""/   "(( """   " ndȘ{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs20\b Info!\x\fs20 White LEDs have only been available commercially since 2001. By the end of 2003 they cost very little and could give a good strong light. A single LED is still not bright enought to substitute for torch bulbs but five used together gives enough useable light to make a reading lamp or wall panel.} }8@ @D?"@&y dm{{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\qj \x\fs28\b Making it useable\par \qj \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 The PCB we have produced is fine for circuit testing but woul\x\fs20 d not be a lot of use in the real world. Ideally we have to s\x\fs20 eparate the power from the LEDs so the batteries (the heavy b\x\fs20 ulky bit) can be some distance from the lights (the slim ligh\x\fs20 tweight bit).} }d`TQQ{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}{\f2\fnil\fcharset0 Times New Roman;}}{\pard\qc \x\f2\fs96\b 3} } `TP'`5 @@P'`5 @@P'`5dm0/{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs20\b Version with terminal blocks to link the two separate circuit boards together:} } m m0@dm`{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs20\b Version with pads to link the two separate circuit boards together:} }d(b`@ p| {'x (@HR66 p(#(#(.#(#d(@>Ưʯ@ȯȯ@ pd(@NƯʯPȯȯ@ pd(@^=Ưʯ`ȯ=ȯ@ pd( @>= =@@ pg(@=Vʯ=ȯ@Vȯg(@=Vؽ = BڽV f(@uwH e(@0 P'ؽ  pe(@0 P'  pe(@ ؽ  pe(@@`ؽ  pe(@/Kؽ  pe(@/K  pe(@Heؽ  pe(@He  pd@tGp{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}}{\pard\qc \x\fs20 Switch\par \qc \x\fs20 contacts} }d@0 {\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}}{\pard\qc \x\fs20 Battery\par \qc \x\fs20 contacts} }) @HD p(#t#t(#(#) @>D p(#t#t(#(#) @MXD p(#t#t(#(#) @hD p(#t#t(#(#)@<D p(#t#t(#(#d( @VƯʯVȯȯ@ pd( @np@ pd( @Vr pPV@ pf(@0QwH | {!Hx (@ `58TB!!@ p 0 0 M M(@HR66 p(#(##+&(#(@x+TB!!@ pH?t;?tH?H?d( @>ζҶ@жж@ pd(@NζҶPжж@ pd(@^=ζҶ`ж=ж@ p(@!Y8TB!!@ p 0 0 M M(@:s8TB!!@ p 0 0 M Mg(@=VҶ=ж@Vжg(@=V=BVf(@u~P'd@tGp{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}}{\pard\qc \x\fs20 Switch\par \qc \x\fs20 contacts} }d@0 {\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}}{\pard\qc \x\fs20 Battery\par \qc \x\fs20 contacts} })@HD p(#t#t(#(#)@>D p(#t#t(#(#)@MXD p(#t#t(#(#)@hD p(#t#t(#(#)@<D p(#t#t(#(#d(@VζҶVжж@ pd(@np@ pd(@VrpPV@ pf(@0Q~P'd_p, _{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\qj \x\fs28\b Ergonomics\par \qj \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 Sticking the five LEDs in a line will produce a narrow strip \x\fs20 of light, which is not what we want for a lamp. To produce a \x\fs20 broader spread of light arrange the LEDs in a pattern and sol\x\fs20 der them in at a slight angle.\par \ql \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 You can also use the edges and the centre of the PCB to faste\x\fs20 n the LED unit to your design, especially if you add in fixin\x\fs20 g areas when you draw your PCB.} }dPFpC{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}{\f2\fnil\fcharset0 Times New Roman;}}{\pard\qc \x\f2\fs96\b 4} } PF`{p 02`{p 02П`{p| bПx )@:X D p(#t#t(#(#)@J D p(#t#t(#(#)@ P6 D pNNN1N1)@ Z&dD p(#N#N(# l(# l)@:X&dD p(#N#N(# l(# lf(@~{ ~~2~@2{{~6`5d(@жxQҶ2jxx0 2Qb5Q@ pd(@ж\b5Ҷ@2 r$\ r$`5b5`5@ pe(@ڽ  pe( @ڽ0 P'  pd@2=*BM*6(/ d@@*BM*6(/ d@BP@*BM*6(/ d@BPm*BM*6(/ d@m*BM*6(/ dg {\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs20 Lean the LEDs out a bit in the direction of the arrows when soldering.} }dP ' 13JFIF``C     C   " }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ?S((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((gߞ63w j`5X+|2POSQD>Oݮ5$T_/tgRS2ƾ`]nEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEr:a^۷wT6]wqn\_ 9WJLD:&o +~&W 6C֪+o "ZU [%l?s&_vξ'[ƿoi5ͼZ+ y v!ZY>wa˷-C?m??޶qah^[λ$IcQ( RA <M[jOž(Vm1R 2 K7:qC*da>;_^%ǕK)Fn>9_~'x◊.XMmic4F1Fma)VAP6XK|*֓_h^iڕskyi+E4IԂ  EU>?}Di qphя)3}˝6%IӁ_?gҖ'Ԓ5փwJTi !]_ͽZukUۍ;R.mo-%hT`":U!zV?}Di qphя)3}˝6%IӁ_?gҖ'Ԓ5փwJTi !]@EPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEdŚ+oĚΟo5R-|BYFO%k_Kg?:-KO-t I鼱" hmٛ!re Hf\6>0>&ot;o>MCP,5dڿ9ܭo?|xwW.|Ӵ \ΛC8ߖLOžs Rk612 KN:hC+~˟"Ľ?OW3d~}[m/*V"lPx+ '9WJSʷ޳6?_@Õ>6?Z6kyZC~j%Ry)FC /*3~ꢀ>U\~_LMًWOI/G:beSk(_uD+$ת'|7 {5^EyW2w#Uog]o <jw/Arm$a*̧t5PEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPE|yw_f/ W۟3k/7݆v>ji>/0 #o|ON<(v-+E~% -ڵt :bWR]Y$ ^i``努m߉:"⋫}Vm{j2ZXFћXJBa -Đ'gߞ63w j`5X+|2POW?τxƿhahٶǙoێ6n.* >cnĚF>rҿ AOoxY,Nȕ?u tw5|uơC~xAٿ۷~nvmݹqiW( Cϊ>=^gM3%JHڥ2~ xfI[;KLeYC;D(fqP|-~|̓?_o5_~fH˜)>P~sWw]m{L>#_ 3'|mF&Gi$/5W_n4𿃮czi* 6ΛIb0\6T@?4P毁^ Ŀk} 3gn|1vwn~g~|8[)x*}~k+$[KC;M#϶"@Y|,p@?e<M m)Nhov%_y_/Y}fw2noem~ڵ^zB7WrP)g݈ Ā$׀x 9UO*W.Ha Y-rTFWn58q_R!{ŊY&i8UIwug"ysOUŒymE"ݻaXD.Fv0b _ {}??4o`Z{y^>pJ&HRΰK #h%O}cΓswVڎiK Lg) ܲ8*4P&/2Ku[7&){ߴo?{mڶ}|no?8]h:ǏBu߹%KҌY@V’ K 7Ÿv мA+>Ru{.gMso&CW?'' CȖơ=MyfM3ZVbJC2<>U,/zv&. EpI$!vq>/ɠ $/ |OP<.7)-6nZoB-4KBT30&+O)*Xp!g }WM~ѳ/mݟ/b; ~l+~iot|iy,g-9_ouUL/]JXEvz޳mg3YHGRT8݌eHk}έ')xU^ڌ3Dcfdeed&?س!1K[w6ͯɎ)7VPK.X _W_aԼA_o?wva7}ߗ?0x *(!G!0i.5V]JkeqnCn(wo FӐG)"ŝvIŞ+tۘDl_Y"vGU7 <)u-w;~m殝]nQftd~u|L<# ޵6~T>ϝbY ;D $X(j[/h;xg%[^k^jhrNe6;b|ş~yᏆ]BPмvmx.LǴ`I>@~C~-w}g$iݻ>_6߷7|l.> 5dڿ9ܭtJ4+};M-l"X$P"U@@t+\%zv'Fnf1yRfpd_I?ºTʢ9O'?K>eyR.76:袀 ( ( uo~,ja>Gċegj˿n[?П"4h^~WwpE>^]D"`S3OOݽi}rKol$=X$Wgᧇ<xփ$Ky?e;BĶһOe/,i7B,.<\M6v츁qͿ 0_/>V_QuomtmFKK13k HB 2ŲXPEPEPUo4Lotj^o,g<0qgS"xgt/ >D\37( 6S?_xm[м rd[B pI#:VVE~^4Γy-S1-v7ʳ55wP;[* -'~xF|߲jcY%9ȑח8S| Z(((((((()w}DVҵ-V4kq1uOwFkcr~QU]6Ͻ~o|uᧃ~kW|y_dEo~wn|`@_K)m|>uk Km"+2o&@} 9̂< k:_O2#Ֆ/7GI|[nݴ9_QEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQ_R/TSG>Xi|#Vسmr6cJQ@+_ZT<iLm4kRP2] q_O Cxںo}_vc۴g~߾`+_C jzƹJoiQi,dKWhq`$w ~g~|8[)Nxfmnk1`dI3AG'B<7imw}NR]F*噘rX/ÿ~^= EeFgi$ۀYwrUUGkEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEW'qʺTW]TW_EQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQExc_hEWPӣS 7P380p[,!5>ş~yᏆ]BPмvmx.LǴ`I>EQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQE~Usol+U?D7W@UQ@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@\ O.w?~U_E*TPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEP_;h¿*S 4Oa_tWQ_ʽUQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQ\~!xWᮕhe[Gyg UFFPX9ۜIk_Y^>!\E4jo&ob1gGT ?9 ?BSB,6ux_?ZFkֶP72YXdr /J?h2 |qq4ZoVX`N2Yl3lt5EW்%jUE Dm&H* FBt1kIկ VS/n4Jd Q$AVV@"?+[_/:X׿bxn).O:4GeqiQ`>'iO5UYnt8a*8k` xC΅koYAn>%ͼXl V+)EkPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEP_/:q=U>k PLZ;뻫JCHq%C4Dƨ쬇2+ (ƿIogVV";ofay-X vb{ʟiCښ([1:?ʟiCښ([1:?ʟiCښ([1:?ʟiCښ([1:?ʟiCښ(/+C\x\fs20\v #(2)} } @Next @Prev8@ @D?"@&y d m{/{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\qj \x\fs28\b Better control\par \qj \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 The circuit we have seen so far is fine if you want a manual \x\fs20 switch, but such switches tend to be bulky or difficult to bl\x\fs20 end into slimline or futuristic designs. It is a bit odd to h\x\fs20 ave the sort of switch you would find on a kettle or fishing \x\fs20 alarm on a smooth sleek design. One way around this is to use\x\fs20 a circuit which uses a press switch to turn on and off the L\x\fs20 EDs. You can buy press switches called \x\fs20\i latching switches\x\fs20 , but\x\fs20 this circuit lets you use simple push-to-make switches, or e\x\fs20 ven make your own out of copper foil or wire.} }d!`TQQ{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}{\f2\fnil\fcharset0 Times New Roman;}}{\pard\qc \x\f2\fs96\b 5} } `TP'`5 @@P'`5 @@P'`5d"m O{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs20 The thyristor circuit above is controlled by two push switches. When built with a 2N5060 thyristor, the circuit is sensitive enough to use plain metal contacts as a touch sensor to turn the circuit on, and one of the new generation of ultra low profile keyboard switches to turn it off.\par \ql \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 This circuit does not need an on/off switch. The thyristor ca\x\fs20 n be left permanently connected and the push-to-make switches\x\fs20 used instead.} }| g(+Dx /d"@4Xz+`q9   (# t@ t@"@hJ   1 1 1"@8   1 1 1"@h+q   1 1 1"@8   1 1 1" @h R   1 1 1z"@P5mEX\100 ((t z"@pQ81K ((t "@h+q  4 4 TQ TQ TQ"@`bx0*-%*-0*LJ'*LJ0*LJ"@H=   8 8 8"@.WQ0W0WQQd""@ΥNQZХQNQNXz""@mVzmxmXX""@/VzX/X/x" "@NVZNXX"@VzxX""@m6NZjm8NmXjXj""@/6NZjXj/Xj/8N" "@NN6NZjN8NNXj""@6NZj8NXj""@NNVjNNxNXj""@RP"z""@20z"""@28Q08Q"" @NNVKNXKNxgN""!@N200N""""@N2vg0xg0N""@J X"#@QQQQz""@GU"@GU"$@.WNN0W0Wd"d#@#H\{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}}{\pard\qc \x\fs20\cf1\b\i Push to\par \qc \x\fs20\cf1\b\i turn on} }d$@H8XK{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}{\f2\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Baltic;}}{\pard\qc \x\fs20\cf1\b\i Push to\par \qc \x\fs20\cf1\b\i turn off} }" @GUPc`q" @Pc`q"%@NVjZjXjNXj"&@NVjZjNXjXj" @Pc`q"'@6NZjXj8N"" @GUP`" @P`"(@VzXx"")@NNVzNXNx""@P`"*@NVZXNXd%mY0{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\qj \x\fs28\b Simple PCB\par \qj \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 Below is a translation of the circuit diagram into a PCB layo\x\fs20 ut. The simplicity of the circuit, and the fact it has no cro\x\fs20 ssovers, means that we can substitute the components and draw\x\fs20 tracks in PCB Wizard to connect them together.} }d&`TQ@ {\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}{\f2\fnil\fcharset0 Times New Roman;}}{\pard\qc \x\f2\fs96\b 6} } `T @@ @@d' CP & {\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs20 This PCB will work fine, but is no use for fitting into a quality design.\par \ql \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 It is better to split the circuit up so the LEDs can be separ\x\fs20 ate from the switching circuit. Also making the switches on a\x\fs20 separate board gives you more flexibility in designing the f\x\fs20 inal product.} }| t^ x '(@b\r5R100 p(#(# #=(#(@@RR1K p(#(#(#t(# )@RBQ p I I I8 I8)@@ D p(#t#t(#(#)@b D p(#t#t(#(#) @!g D p(#t#t(#(#)!@b D p(#t#t(#(#)"@H D p(#t#t(#(#e( @Jj"B  pe( @"B  pe(@b2  pe(@Jjb2  pe(@Xt‰  pe(@ʐ‰  pe(@ʐ"  pe(@Xt"  p( @:1zi*TB!!@ p 0x0 M Md(@XML0*T'ZMR'ZM2*J2*@ pd(@f0*f2*@ pd(@qD0*q2*D2*D@ pd(@c%c%@ pd(@cccc@ pd(@8<::@ pd(@DDDD@ pd( @8<::@ pd(!@%%%%@ pd("@c% tC%"%rCcrCc"@ pd(#@8< tC:":rC@ pd($@DD tCD"DrC@ pd(%@8< tC:":rC@ pd(&@DDpCDrCD@ pd('@D {4D{ { 2@ pd((@XM _x r$ xZMxZM_@ pd()@؞|+ڞz+@ pd(*@((@ pd(+@DD0xD2Dx@ pf(@] @#`|"h&%r$jr$d(@z:9 z{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs20 These four pads are correctly spaced for mounting a standard keyboard switch} }d))@{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\qr \x\fs20\b Page 3 of 6\x\fs20 \x\fs20\uldb < Back\x\fs20\uldb\v \x\fs20\v #(1)\x\fs20 \x\fs20\uldb Next >\x\fs20\v #(2)} } @Next @Prev8@ @D?"@y Ld*m{{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\qj \x\fs28\b Slice and dice\par \qj \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 Here are the three main parts of the PCB (switches, control a\x\fs20 nd lights) separated onto different boards. For the circuit t\x\fs20 o still work, however, the three parts need to be connected t\x\fs20 ogether.\par \ql \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 You have two main ways to connect the boards together:\par \ql \x\fs12 \par {\pntext\pard\f 1.\tab}{{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pndec\pnstart1\pnf0\pnhang\pnindent360{\pntxta{.}}}\ql \x\fs20 Use solder pads and solder the leads into place.\par \ql \x\fs12 \par {\pntext\pard\f 2.\tab}\ql \x\fs20 Use screw terminals and screw the leads into place.\par \ql \x\fs12 \par {\pntext\pard\f 3.\tab}\ql \x\fs20 For this circuit we will use screw terminals for all connecti\x\fs20 ons except the small switch PCB, which needs to be as thin as\x\fs20 possible in order to allow more design flexibility.}} }d+`TQQ{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}{\f2\fnil\fcharset0 Times New Roman;}}{\pard\qc \x\f2\fs96\b 7} } `TP'`5 @@P'`5 @@P'`5d,)@{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\qr \x\fs20\b Page 4 of 6\x\fs20 \x\fs20\uldb < Back\x\fs20\uldb\v \x\fs20\v #(1)\x\fs20 \x\fs20\uldb Next >\x\fs20\v #(2)} } @Next @Prevd-mg0Q0{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\qj \x\fs28\b All for one and one for all...\par \qj \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 With the PCB separated into three boards, it is easier to re-\x\fs20 design the lights section to make it better suited as a lamp.\x\fs20 In the circuit below, the lights have all been made to face \x\fs20 in the same direction.\par \ql \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 You will also notice that wires have been used to connect the\x\fs20 three boards together. When laying out a circuit with more t\x\fs20 han one board in PCB Wizard, it is a good idea to add wires t\x\fs20 o your circuit to show how everything connects. This will hel\x\fs20 p you when assembling the final design later.} }d.`TQ'x{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}{\f2\fnil\fcharset0 Times New Roman;}}{\pard\qc \x\f2\fs96\b 8} } `T  @@  @@ | ~Q̟%x d/@rCf b{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs20\i Switch PCB} }d0@bf c{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs20\i Control PCB} }d1@0Xtfb{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs20\i Lights PCB} }| @P'_x  e(@"B8:1  pe(@bTp:1  pe(@bTpZMzi  pe(@"B8ZMzi  pe(@ؽ81  pe(@881  pe(@8XMxi  pe(@ؽXMxi  pf(@P'~| @P_x (@QЗhR1K p(#(#(#t(# )@x+cX.Q p I I I8 I8d(,@9&*(9(@ p( @PF0 TB!!@ p 0rP M M(@@_ X R100 p(#(###@(#d(-@.**ʯ0*ȯ0*(@ pd(.@~~@ pd(/@j<ζ*ж(h<(@ pd(0@tUZMtUUXM@ pd(1@UUUU@ pd(2@UB:@8@U@ pd(3@.*UzJUH UxJ0*xJ0*@ pd(4@UJvJzJHxJUxJ@ pf( @`_j(@\MЍBatArial j(@jONArial j(@< DOFFArial j(@cRpLEDArial | @0NN~Xx )#@dTTF4D p(#t#t(#(#)$@~TF4D p(#t#t(#(#)%@d5TF4D p(#t#t(#(#)&@_TF4D p(#t#t(#(#)'@dTF4D p(#t#t(#(#d(5@:1>1n[<1l[<1@ pd(6@n[l[@ pd(7@:>n[<l[<@ pd(8@n[l[@ pd(9@:>n[<l[<@ pd(:@:1>w޽<w<ܽ<1ܽ<1w@ pd(;@w޽wܽ@ pd(<@:>w޽<w<ܽ@ pd(=@w޽wܽ@ pd(>@81<:1:@ pf( @h(>H R100 p(#(f (#( >H x R100 p(#(IoIo"8(# )  h Q p I I I8 I8( Rg ! TB!!@ p 0x0 M Md(?0)M 2 2O ) @ pd(@zzގ : z8 z @ pd(A0 7 7 27 2 @ pd(BV)6 : X8 )8 @ pd(C^6 : `8 8 @ pd(DV 7 X 7 @ pe(,H1N  pe(d1N  pe(d?j_  pe(,H?j_  pe( Nn1N  pe(!1N  pe("?j_  pe(#Nn?j_  pe($d  pe(%,H  pe(&  pe('Nn  pd(E::Mx:Ox:@ pd(F ssMxsOxs@ pd(G\`Mx^Ox^@ pd(HMxOx@ pf(  #d(I^B_ގ  `  @_ @ p( V X TB!!@ pH?t=?tH?H?f( r/r /S )(X80: D pNNN1N1))"`H D pNNN1N1)*>| ` D pNNN1N1)+"`) o D pNNN1N1),X8} @ D pNNN1N1f( Z @!8gO  h gh @!8 X X d(JgV   X `=O pK] pK؇ g gx pK0 pKZ  @ pd(KrKV   X h% P/k P/ pK pKx P/0 P/L   @ pd(LξrKV Z pKX оX @ pe((Yu    pe()0P/ (   pd(MξB!  о @! @ pg(>!gB  @! `= g (   TB!!@ p 0L;t M Md27FGP {\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\qc \x\fs20 Both thyristor and LED boards use a 2 pin 5mm terminal block for ease of assembly} } mކ_ d3{x}a{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\qc \x\fs20\b\i BATTERY} } ކ !ކg(4M 2 YO /g(4 2 Y v ! g(z z dou  :g( NX V .W` O sg( i)) )' ?K V^(HX 0 TB!!@ pH?t0 H?H?d(Nb z  @~ b8 bx @ pd(O))v 0 )x )0 @ p( C`{  TB!!@ p I0 IM IMd(PB_ Z @_X '  @ pg(  b) b' 7?K g( >_Ҿ B @_ x  @ PN  о g( >_Ҿ  @_X xH   PN P оX 0)5 ͳ &+ױ 7  DGC & F0 FE 8@ @D?"@&y ed4m{y{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\qj \x\fs28\b The finishing touches...\par \qj \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 Finally, copper label text and symbols have been added to the\x\fs20 PCB. Hints, such as + symbols, greatly help when soldering t\x\fs20 he PCB. Always remember that anything drawn as a copper label\x\fs20 will conduct electricity on the final PCB so place text and \x\fs20 symbols carefully to avoid short circuits\par \ql \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 A name and version number is also added to the PCB (this is g\x\fs20 ood practice for all your PCBs).} }d5`TQQ{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}{\f2\fnil\fcharset0 Times New Roman;}}{\pard\qc \x\f2\fs96\b 9} } "`TP'`5 #@@P'`5 $@@P'`5d6)@{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\qr \x\fs20\b Page 5 of 6\x\fs20 \x\fs20\uldb < Back\x\fs20\uldb\v \x\fs20\v #(1)\x\fs20 \x\fs20\uldb Next >\x\fs20\v #(2)} } @Next @Prevd7mxp, {\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\qj \x\fs28\b Batch production\par \qj \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 Producing the PCBs in bulk is an easy way to reduce manufactu\x\fs20 ring costs.\par \ql \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 Once you have a finished PCB, save your file and then cut and\x\fs20 paste the section of your PCB into a blank PCB Wizard docume\x\fs20 nt (grouping the PCB first will ensure that the circuit is no\x\fs20 t accidentally changed). Copy and paste until you have a bloc\x\fs20 k of PCBs with about 1/10th of an inch (2.5mm) gap between ea\x\fs20 ch. The number of copies on a page and the shape of the block\x\fs20 will depend on your PCB production facilities.\par \ql \x\fs20 } }d8`TQPNП{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}{\f2\fnil\fcharset0 Times New Roman;}}{\pard\qc \x\f2\fs96\b 10} } %`T $02 &@@ $02 '@@ $02| ms x ( @Fq'R100 p(#(T#(#( @F^IuR100 p(#(7r 7r=(# )@Nކ?9Q p I I I8 I8(@PF81ȯTB!!@ p 0u0 M M(@~QM)TB!!@ pH?t=?tH?H?(@F)iTB!!@ pH?tX/H?H?(@^*QTB!!@ p I0t IM IM| @px d(Q@.*bT0*`T0* ޥ@ pd(R@ j j@ pd(S@.*xsxq0*0*@ pd(T@T.j jV. jޥ j@ pd(U@\\j j^ j\ j@ pd(V@xx'x)x@ pd(W@\@M^>M@ pf(@pd(X@xMKxM>M jI@ pd(Y@ܥGkޥIޥi@ pd(Z@x@M+>)MxM@ pe(*@~lz@ @ e(+@ @ @ j(@D?TI&_+Arial j(@D?TI&_+Arial j(@4`4+Arial j(@:hg(I THY Lamp V1Arial j(@:O|ZgArial j( @MycArial | ms x ( @Fq'R100 p(#(T#(#( @F^IuR100 p(#(7r 7r=(# )@Nކ?9Q p I I I8 I8(@PF81ȯTB!!@ p 0u0 M M(@~QM)TB!!@ pH?t=?tH?H?(@F)iTB!!@ pH?tX/H?H?(@^*QTB!!@ p I0t IM IM| @px d([@.*bT0*`T0* ޥ@ pd(\@ j j@ pd(]@.*xsxq0*0*@ pd(^@T.j jV. jޥ j@ pd(_@\\j j^ j\ j@ pd(`@xx'x)x@ pd(a@\@M^>M@ pf(@pd(b@xMKxM>M jI@ pd(c@ܥGkޥIޥi@ pd(d@x@M+>)MxM@ pe(,@~lz@ @ e(-@ @ @ j( @D?TI&_+Arial j( @D?TI&_+Arial j( @4`4+Arial j( @:hg(I THY Lamp V1Arial j(@:O|ZgArial j(@MycArial | ms x (@Fq'R100 p(#(T#(#(@F^IuR100 p(#(7r 7r=(# )@Nކ?9Q p I I I8 I8(@PF81ȯTB!!@ p 0u0 M M(@~QM)TB!!@ pH?t=?tH?H?(@F)iTB!!@ pH?tX/H?H?(@^*QTB!!@ p I0t IM IM| @px d(e@.*bT0*`T0* ޥ@ pd(f@ j j@ pd(g@.*xsxq0*0*@ pd(h@T.j jV. jޥ j@ pd(i@\\j j^ j\ j@ pd(j@xx'x)x@ pd(k@\@M^>M@ pf(@pd(l@xMKxM>M jI@ pd(m@ܥGkޥIޥi@ pd(n@x@M+>)MxM@ pe(.@~lz@ @ e(/@ @ @ j(@D?TI&_+Arial j(@D?TI&_+Arial j(@4`4+Arial j(@:hg(I THY Lamp V1Arial j(@:O|ZgArial j(@MycArial | " x (@Fq'R100 p(#(T#(#(@F^IuR100 p(#(7r 7r=(# )@Nކ?9Q p I I I8 I8(@PF81ȯTB!!@ p 0u0 M M(@~QM)TB!!@ pH?t=?tH?H?(@F)iTB!!@ pH?tX/H?H?(@^*QTB!!@ p I0t IM IM| @px d(o@.*bT0*`T0* ޥ@ pd(p@ j j@ pd(q@.*xsxq0*0*@ pd(r@T.j jV. jޥ j@ pd(s@\\j j^ j\ j@ pd(t@xx'x)x@ pd(u@\@M^>M@ pf(@pd(v@xMKxM>M jI@ pd(w@ܥGkޥIޥi@ pd(x@x@M+>)MxM@ pe(0@~lz@ @ e(1@ @ @ j(@D?TI&_+Arial j(@D?TI&_+Arial j(@4`4+Arial j(@:hg(I THY Lamp V1Arial j(@:O|ZgArial j(@MycArial | " x (@Fq'R100 p(#(T#(#(@F^IuR100 p(#(7r 7r=(# )@Nކ?9Q p I I I8 I8( @PF81ȯTB!!@ p 0u0 M M(!@~QM)TB!!@ pH?t=?tH?H?("@F)iTB!!@ pH?tX/H?H?(#@^*QTB!!@ p I0t IM IM| @px d(y@.*bT0*`T0* ޥ@ pd(z@ j j@ pd({@.*xsxq0*0*@ pd(|@T.j jV. jޥ j@ pd(}@\\j j^ j\ j@ pd(~@xx'x)x@ pd(@\@M^>M@ pf(@pd(@xMKxM>M jI@ pd(@ܥGkޥIޥi@ pd(@x@M+>)MxM@ pe(2@~lz@ @ e(3@ @ @ j(@D?TI&_+Arial j(@D?TI&_+Arial j(@4`4+Arial j(@:hg(I THY Lamp V1Arial j( @:O|ZgArial j(!@MycArial | " x (@Fq'R100 p(#(T#(#(@F^IuR100 p(#(7r 7r=(# )@Nކ?9Q p I I I8 I8($@PF81ȯTB!!@ p 0u0 M M(%@~QM)TB!!@ pH?t=?tH?H?(&@F)iTB!!@ pH?tX/H?H?('@^*QTB!!@ p I0t IM IM| @px d(@.*bT0*`T0* ޥ@ pd(@ j j@ pd(@.*xsxq0*0*@ pd(@T.j jV. jޥ j@ pd(@\\j j^ j\ j@ pd(@xx'x)x@ pd(@\@M^>M@ pf(@pd(@xMKxM>M jI@ pd(@ܥGkޥIޥi@ pd(@x@M+>)MxM@ pe(4@~lz@ @ e(5@ @ @ j("@D?TI&_+Arial j(#@D?TI&_+Arial j($@4`4+Arial j(%@:hg(I THY Lamp V1Arial j(&@:O|ZgArial j('@MycArial d9mu5{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 If you are viewing this document from within PCB Wizard, clic\x\fs20 king on the \x\fs20\b Artwork\x\fs20 button on the left-hand Style bar will sh\x\fs20 ow the actual copper area which will be on your PCB. You will\x\fs20 print out this view when constructing your PCB.} }(>HpR100 p(#(T#(#(>HHR100 p(#(7r 7r=(# )  XQ p I I I8 I8((RG"TB!!@ p 0u0 M Md(0)22)0@ pd(zz.zz0@ pd(0772_72@ pd(V)X)@ pd(^`@ pd(a7_7@ pe(6,HO2oN  pe(7dO2oN  pe(8dj  pe(9,Hj  pe(:NnO2oN  pe(;O2oN  pe(<j  pe(=Nnj  pe(>dϢ  pe(?,HϢ  pe(@Ϣ  pe(ANnϢ  pd(::x:x:߰@ pd( ssxsxs߰@ pd(\`x^x^߰@ pd(xx߰@ pf(VM?$d(^B_.j`00@_h@ p()VhTB!!@ pH?t=?tH?H?f(rrS)-X8:D pNNN1N1)."`H0D pNNN1N1)/>|`D pNNN1N1)0"`)0pD pNNN1N1)1X8@~D pNNN1N1f(f hh@!gOXg(i@!d(gj `=OpK]pK(gHgpK0pK[ h@ pd(rKj %P/lP/8pKXpKP/0P/MXh@ pd(ξrKpKо@ pe(BYu8X  pe(C0P/Xx  pd(ξB!fjоh@!h@ pg(>!gj@!h`=HgH(*@TB!!@ p 0 0 M M (mކOd:{x߰a{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\qc \x\fs20\b\i BATTERY} } )ކϢ *ކ/g(42Y/߰g(4a2Yv _!g(zݰ9z7duO:߰g(NX߰9V7.`OG sg(i)ݰy)wKV^߰(+H0TB!!@ pH?tX/H?H?d(bfh@~h b b@ pd())0))0@ p(, C`{@TB!!@ p I0t IM IMd(B_f@_'hh@ pg( b߰ybw7K!g(>_Ҿ׊@_hxX0PN0`оhg(>_Ҿ@_xpPNpоe(Dq@ @ e(E)q@ @  DfswFupud;hP2{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs20 These tiny circles are made by adjusting pad properties. They make it easy to drill accurately spaced mounting holes for the PCBs.} }e(F7G@ @ e(G5C%3@ @ j((F+Arial j()F+Arial j(*6Xmߑu+Arial j(+ƷUߑu+Arial j(,U'+Arial j(-Xm=zS+Arial j(.Zn+Arial j(/BYn\zr+Arial j(0J* F+Arial j(1<% THY Lamp V1Arial j(2 gArial j(3 O!QycArial e(Hft@ @ e(IGU@ @ d<p5p C{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\qr \x\fs20 Letters to show the gate (g) and cathode (c) connections have been added.} } V`8@ @D?"@&y d=m`{g{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs28\b Hints and tips\par \qj \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 The lamp circuit is now completed.\par \ql \x\fs20 \par \ql \x\fs20\b Tip!\x\fs20 When drawing your own circuits you may find that the sta\x\fs20 ndard pads in PCB wizard are quite small.} }d>`TQQ{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}{\f2\fnil\fcharset0 Times New Roman;}}{\pard\qc \x\f2\fs96\b 11} } +`TP'`5 ,@@P'`5 -@@P'`5d?)@{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\qr \x\fs20\b Page 6 of 6\x\fs20 \x\fs20\uldb < Back\x\fs20\uldb\v \x\fs20\v #(1)\x\fs20 \x\fs20\cf13 Next >\x\fs20\cf13\v } } @Prevd@m0QP r {\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs28\b Lamps and stuff...\par \qj \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20\b Info! \x\fs20 Twenty years ago, all bulbs in lamps were either filame\x\fs20 nt (a small coil of wire inside a glass bulb is heated to whi\x\fs20 te hot by the electricity forcing its way along the wire) or \x\fs20 fluoresecent (electricity is used to emit specific electroma\x\fs20 gnetic rays which strike a special coating, making it glow). \x\fs20 Over the past twenty years, both these technologies have impr\x\fs20 oved with low voltage filament halogen lights now able to glo\x\fs20 w brightly running on only battery power, and fluorescent tu\x\fs20 bes packed into very small casings and sold as economy bulbs.\x\fs20 Recently there has been a new technology that will probably \x\fs20 see both types of bulbs becoming largely obsolete within ten \x\fs20 years. These new bulbs are LEDs.\par \ql \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 Lignt Emitting Diodes were developed as diodes, components wh\x\fs20 ich could be used in an electronic circuit to make power only\x\fs20 flow one way. A researcher discovered that they could be ma\x\fs20 de to glow brightly and soon LEDs were being manufactured for\x\fs20 use as indicators in electronic circuits.\par \ql \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 At first LEDs were only available in reds and oranges, and we\x\fs20 re very dim. In the past three years, white LEDs have come on\x\fs20 to the market. Initially these were expensive and also quite \x\fs20 dim, but today they are much cheaper and are now extremely br\x\fs20 ight.\par \ql \x\fs12 \par \ql \x\fs20 LEDs have two key properties that make them extremely useful \x\fs20 to designers:\par \ql \x\fs12 \par {\pntext\pard\f 1.\tab}{{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pndec\pnstart1\pnf0\pnhang\pnindent360{\pntxta{.}}}\ql \x\fs20 They use extremely small amounts of power. A single LED linke\x\fs20 d to a 9V square Alkaline battery will glow non-stop for up t\x\fs20 o a year. Low power ones are available which can last up to f\x\fs20 ive years. A single LED can be powered from wires as thin as \x\fs20 a strand of cotton.\par \ql \x\fs12 \par {\pntext\pard\f 2.\tab}\ql \x\fs20 They produce little or no heat which means that they can be c\x\fs20 ast inside other materials or wrapped with delicate fabrics a\x\fs20 nd paper without any fire hazard.}} }dA`TQ'x{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Arial Black;}{\f2\fnil\fcharset0 Times New Roman;}}{\pard\qc \x\f2\fs96\b 12} } .`T  /@@  0@@ dB_=:5{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs20 Right clicking over any pad or component will allow you to change the standard pad size. You will need even bigger pads for the screw terminals as the mounting wires are typically 1.5mm thick.} }dC_pP{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset2 WingDings;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs20 Drawing the PCB freehand without using the built-in components lets you customise the design to make it easier for small hands to solder.} }| R‘x (@Fq'R100 p(#(T#(#(@F^IuR100 p(#(7r 7r=(# ) @Nކ?9Q p I I I8 I8(-@PF81ȯTB!!@ p 0u0 M Md(@.*bT0*`T0* ޥ@ pd(@ j j@ pd(@.*xsxq0*0*@ pd(@T.j jV. jޥ j@ pd(@\\j j^ j\ j@ pd(@xx'x)x@ pd(@\@M^>M@ p(.@~QM)TB!!@ pH?t=?tH?H?f(@p(/@F)iTB!!@ pH?tX/H?H?d(@xMKxM>M jI@ pd(@ܥGkޥIޥi@ p(0@^*QTB!!@ p I0t IM IMd(@x@M+>)MxM@ pe(J@~lz@ @ e(K@ @ @ j(4@D?TI&_+Arial j(5@D?TI&_+Arial j(6@4`4+Arial j(7@:hg(I THY Lamp V1Arial j(8@CX=yΘgArial j(9@MBjcArial | B~=x (@Fq'R100  p(#(T#(#(@F^IuR100  p(#(7r 7r=(# ) @Nކ?9Q0*p I I I8 I8(1@PF81ȯTB!!@ p 0u0 M Md(@.*bT0*`T0* ޥ@ pd(@ j j@ pd(@.*xsxq0*0*@ pd(@T.j jV. jޥ j@ pd(@\\j j^ j\ j@ pd(@xx'x)x@ pd(@\@M^>M@ p(2@~QM)TB!!@ pH?t=?tH?H?f(@p(3@F)iTB!!@ pH?tX/H?H?d(@xMKxM>M jI@ pd(@ܥGkޥIޥi@ p(4@^*QTB!!@ p I0t IM IMd(@x@M+>)MxM@ pe(L@~lz@ @ e(M@ @ @ j(:@D?TI&_+Arial j(;@D?TI&_+Arial j(<@4`4+Arial j(=@:hg(I THY Lamp V1Arial j(>@CX=yΘgArial j(?@~;"cArial |  bspx f(@K`5e(N@(#XMh[0*0*pe(O@(#XMؽ0*0*pe(P@8w0*0*pe(Q@H xJw0*0*pe(R@ {!!pe(S@ @ -!!pe(T@!`C@ -!!pe(U@!`C{!!pe(V@v{!!pe(W@@_`!!pe(X@@!!pe(Y@h(h[0*0*pe(Z@h(ؽ0*0*pe([@(X0*0*pe(\@0*0*pd(@>8p@8p@8@8`T  pd(@" pd(@^5`5pd(@>8"B  @`T@@8 @8pd(@B@pd(@>"^T p`T``T@p@pd(@~2pp  2 pd(@~p¨@p ppd(@~22pj(@@] THY Lamp V1Arial j(A@`Ti`Ti+Arial j(B@#9@vV+Arial j(C@~ gArial j(D@w4cArial 8@ @D?"@